tailieunhanh - báo cáo hóa học:" Targeting the hotspots: investigating spatial and demographic variations in HIV infection in small communities in South Africa"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về hóa học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học đề tài : Targeting the hotspots: investigating spatial and demographic variations in HIV infection in small communities in South Africa | Wand and Ramjee Journal of the International AIDS Society 2010 13 41 http content 13 1 41 JOURNALOF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY RESEARCH Open Access Targeting the hotspots investigating spatial and demographic variations in HIV infection in small communities in South Africa Handan Wand 1 f Gita Ramjee2t Abstract Background In South Africa the severity of the HIV AIDS epidemic varies according to geographical location hence localized monitoring of the epidemic would enable more effective prevention strategies. Our objectives were to assess the core areas of HIV infection in KwaZulu-Natal South Africa using epidemiological data among sexually active women from localized communities. Methods A total of 5753 women from urban peri-rural and rural communities in KwaZulu-Natal were screened from 2002 to 2005. Each participant was geocoded using a global information system based on residence at time of screening. The Spatial Scan Statistics programme was used to identify areas with disproportionate excesses in HIV prevalence and incidence. Results This study identified three hotspots with excessively high HIV prevalence rates of 56 51 and 39 . A total of 458 sexually active women 19 of all cases were included in these hotspots and had been exclusively recruited by the Botha s Hill west of Durban and Umkomaas south of Durban clinic sites. Most of these women were Christian and Zulu-speaking. They were also less likely to be married than women outside these areas 12 vs. 16 p and more likely to have sex more than three times a week 27 vs. 20 p and to have had more than three sexual partners 55 vs. 45 p . Diagnosis of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 was also more common in the hotspots. This study also identified areas of high HIV incidence which were broadly consistent with those with high prevalence rates. Conclusions Geographic excesses of HIV infections at rates among the highest in the world were detected in certain rural .