tailieunhanh - Báo cáo y học: "The emerging modern face of mood disorders: a didactic editorial with a detailed presentation of data and definitions"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học General Psychiatry cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài:The emerging modern face of mood disorders: a didactic editorial with a detailed presentation of data and definitions. | Fountoulakis Annals of General Psychiatry 2010 9 14 http content 9 1 14 REVIEW ANNALS OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY Open Access The emerging modern face of mood disorders a didactic editorial with a detailed presentation of data and definitions Konstantinos N Fountoulakis Abstract The present work represents a detailed description of our current understanding and knowledge of the epidemiology etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of mood disorders their comorbidity and overlap and the effect of variables such as gender and age. This review article is largely based on the Mood disorders chapter of the Wikibooks Textbook of Psychiatry http wiki Textbook of Psychiatry Mood Disorders. Background The ancient Greeks Hippocrates 460 to 357 BC Galen 131 to 201 AD and Areteus from Kappadokia introduced the terms melancholia and mania. Hippocrates was the first to describe melancholia which is the Greek word for black bile and simultaneously postulated a biochemical origin according to the scientific frame of that era linking it to Saturn and the autumn. The term mania was used to describe a broad spectrum of excited psychotic states. Soranus from Ephesus was the first to describe mixed states. Manic depressive illness has also been known since antiquity and Aretaeus of Cappadocia 2nd century AD is considered to be the first to strongly connect melancholy with mania and make a description of manic episodes very close to the modern approach including psychotic features and seasonality. Another interesting element in the theories that emerged during antiquity was the concept of temperament which was originally based on harmony and balance of the four humours of which the sanguine humour was considered to be the healthiest but also predisposing to mania. The melancholic temperament was linked to black bile and was considered to predispose to melancholia. Since the time of Aristotle 384 to 322 BC the melancholic temperament was .