tailieunhanh - Risk factors for domestic physical violence: national cross-sectional household surveys in eight southern African countries

In recognition of the importance of establishing gender equality around the world, the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) was established as a separate fund within the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in 1984. At that time, the General Assembly instructed it to “ensure women’s involvement with mainstream activities.”3 The Platform of Action resulting from the 1995 Beijing World Conference on Women expanded this concept, calling it “gender mainstreaming”—. the application of gender perspectives to all legal and social norms and standards, to all policy development, research, planning, advocacy, development, implementation and monitoring—as a mandate for all member In this way, the gender factor is no longer to be only a supplement. | BMC Women s Health BioMed Central Research article Open Access Risk factors for domestic physical violence national cross-sectional household surveys in eight southern African countries Neil Andersson 1 Ari Ho-Foster2 Steve Mitchell2 Esca Scheepers3 and Sue Goldstein3 Address 1Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales CIET Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero Acapulco México 2CIET Trust 71 Oxford Road Saxonwold 2193 South Africa and 3Soul City Institute for Health and Development Communication 2nd Floor Park Terrace Parktown Johannesburg South Africa Email Neil Andersson - neil@ Ari Ho-Foster - ari@ Steve Mitchell - steve@ Esca Scheepers - esca@ Sue Goldstein - suegold@ Corresponding author Published 16 July 2007 Received 22 August 2006 BMC Women s Health 2007 7 11 doi 1472-6874-7-11 Accepted 16 July 2007 This article is available from http 1472-6874 7 1 1 2007 Andersson et al licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http licenses by which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background The baseline to assess impact of a mass education-entertainment programme offered an opportunity to identify risk factors for domestic physical violence. Methods In 2002 cross-sectional household surveys in a stratified urban rural last-stage random sample of enumeration areas based on latest national census in Botswana Lesotho Malawi Mozambique Namibia Swaziland Zambia and Zimbabwe. Working door to door interviewers contacted all adults aged 16-60 years present on the day of the visit without sub-sampling. 20 639 adults were interviewed. The questionnaire in 29 languages measured domestic physical violence by the .