tailieunhanh - An Introduction to Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy - part 4

nhiều cách khác nhau bao gồm: (1) hình thành Triplex DNA, (2) hoạt động như một phân tử vô nghĩa để ngăn chặn xử lý hoặc biểu hiện của mRNA hoặc để thúc đẩy sự xuống cấp của nó, và (3) tạo thành một trang web sao chép yếu tố ràng buộc đóng vai trò như một vật hi. | OLIGONUCLEOTIDES 109 variety of ways including 1 formation of triplex DNA 2 acting as an antisense molecule to block processing or expression of mRNA or to promote its degradation and 3 forming a transcription factor binding site that serves as a decoy. Triplex DNA is the colinear association of three deoxynucleotides strands and usually involves binding of an oligodeoxynucleotide in the major groove of a DNA double helix. This binding can block access of transcription factors thus inhibiting transcription of a gene. The triplex-forming oligodeoxynucleotide binds to the purine-rich strand of the double helix via Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds. Potential target sites for triplex formation are limited to regions that contain homopurine on one strand. The relatively weak binding affinity and the instability of oligodeoxynucleotides in cells results in a transient effect. A second mechanism by which oligodeoxynucleotides alter gene expression involves binding to an mRNA via standard Watson-Crick base pairing. This can block splicing by binding to a pre-mRNA splice signal or block translational initiation by binding to the 5 Cap region or the translational initiation codon region. They can also result in degradation of the mRNA by RNase H an enzyme that degrades the RNA portion of an RNA DNA hybrid. A third mechanism by which oligodeoxynucleotides can alter gene expression is to bind transcription factors which prevents them from associating with endogenous genes. Natural antisense oligodeoxynucleotides consist of phosphodiester oligomers are sensitive to nucleases and have a half-life in serum of 15 to 60 min. Modifications to the backbone have increased the stability of oligonucleotides to allow a prolonged biological effect on targeted cells in vivo. Substitution of a nonbridge oxygen in the phosphodiester backbone with a sulfur molecule results in phosphorothioate nucleotides which are resistant to nucleases. Substitution of a nonbridge oxygen with a methyl group results

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