tailieunhanh - Gastroenterology an illustrated colour text - part 4

Hội chứng ruột kích thích thổi phồng bong bóng trong ruột lớn và nhỏ đã được chứng minh và nhạy cảm tăng lên trực tràng là một việc tìm kiếm phổ biến. • bất thường về tâm lý cả hai người bị và các bác sĩ nhận ra những ảnh hưởng của căng thẳng tâm lý về các triệu chứng | IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME 33 inflated balloons in both small and large bowel has been demonstrated and increased rectal sensitivity is a common finding. psychological abnormalities -both sufferers and doctors recognise the effect of psychological stress on the symptoms but quantifying this is difficult. Psychological symptoms are more prevalent in IBS sufferers particularly in those referred to hospital and up to 60 may fulfil diagnostic criteria for mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. Disease phobia and bodily preoccupation are also more common. Some patients describe the onset of their symptoms following an episode of gastroenteritis and there does not appear to be a major psychological component to their condition. endocrine changes - many women recognise that the symptoms of IBS are more marked during menstruation. No obvious hormonal correlations have been made but there are increased levels of prostaglandin E and F2 around this time and this may be important. Symptoms often worsen following hysterectomy which is presumably not explained by hormonal changes but may be due to damage to pelvic nerves at the time of surgery. Unfortunately some patients undergo hysterectomy when the pain is actually caused by IBS which persists after the operation - a problem that needs to be recognised by gynaecologists. MANAGEMENT A thorough history is of prime importance because of the lack of a diagnostic test and broad differential diagnosis that the symptoms of IBS create. It was formerly taught that the diagnosis should be made positively and not by excluding other conditions but some diagnoses are excluded by the history and examination and others excluded by simple tests. During the history-taking special attention should be given to ensure that sinister symptoms such as marked weight loss rectal bleeding steatorrhoea nocturnal diarrhoea and associated skin or joint symptoms are not present. In addition to a general examination sigmoidoscopy should be carried

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