tailieunhanh - New Trends and Developments in Automotive Industry Part 10

Tham khảo tài liệu 'new trends and developments in automotive industry part 10', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 305 Modern Automotive Gear Oils - Classification Characteristics Market Analysis and Some Aspects of Lubrication Fig. 7. T-03 Four-ball pitting tester a b c Fig. 8. Rolling four-ball tribosystem a drawing 1- top ball 2 - bottom balls 3 - race b some important dimensions wear track radius and ball radius c photograph The worn surface on the upper ball was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope SEM energy dispersive spectrometer EDS and atomic force microscope AFM . EDS analyses were performed at the accelerating voltage of 15 kV. Prior to analyses the test balls were washed for 5 mins in n-hexane using an ultrasonic washer. 3. Test methods Scuffing tests The properties of the tested lubricants related to prevention of scuffing are called the extreme pressure EP properties. In this work the extreme pressure properties of the tested oils are characterised by the so-called limiting pressure of seizure denoted as poz. This measure is determined according to a test method developed in the Tribology Dept. of ITeE-PIB having been presented in the literature Piekoszewski et al. 2001 Szczerek Tuszynski 2002 Burakowski et al. 2004 . A unique feature of the test method is related to continuously increasing load until scuffing and then seizure occurs and analysis of scuffing propagation. 306 New Trends and Developments in Automotive Industry Test conditions are load increase 409 N s-1 initial load 0 maximum load about 7400 N load increase time approximately 18 s until the highest load is reached rotational speed 500 rpm sliding speed m s-1 . It is assumed that the test finishes when seizure takes place . at the time of exceeding 10 N m friction torque this quantity is calculated on the base of measurements from a force transducer located at the distance m from the test shaft axis . When seizure is not detected the attaining of maximum load about 7400 N finishes the test. For the tested lubricant the limiting pressure of seizure poz is calculated from the

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