tailieunhanh - Computer Science

The purpose of The Computer Science Handbook is to provide a single comprehensive reference for com- puter scientists, software engineers, and IT professionals who wish to broaden or deepen their understand- ing in a particular subfield of computer science. Our goal is to provide the most current information in each of the following eleven subfields in a form that is accessible to students, faculty, and professionals in computer science | SECOND EDITION COMPUTER SCIENCE HANDBOOK EDITOR-IN-CHIEF ALLEN B. TUCKEr U CHAPMAN HALL CRC Published in Cooperation with ACM The Association for Computing Machinery 2004 by Taylor Francis Group LLC Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Computer science handbook editor-in-chief Allen B. Tucker 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58488-360-X alk. paper science-Handbooks manuals etc. 2. Engineering Hanbooks manuals etc. I. Tucker Allen B. 2004 004 dc22 2003068758 This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying microfilming and recording or by any information storage or retrieval system without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All rights reserved. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use or the personal or internal use of specific clients may be granted by CRC Press LLC provided that per page photocopied is paid directly to Copyright Clearance Center 222 Rosewood Drive Danvers MA 01923 USA. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is ISBN 1-58488-360-X 04 . The fee is subject to change without notice. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC a separate system of payment has been arranged. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution for promotion for creating new works or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying. Direct .