tailieunhanh - THE EFFECTS OF THREE ORGANIC CHEMICALS ON THE UPPER THERMAL TOLERANCES OF FOUR FRESHWATER FISHES

Addition of Surrogates and Matrix Spiking Compounds in the Field: It is best to add analytical surrogate and matrix spiking compounds into soils prior to sample extraction, using water or a solvent. Method 5035A does not incorporate the addition of these compounds prior to extraction in the field. Because this is an important control check on the analytical process, it may be appropriate to incorporate a procedure which adds surrogate and/or matrix spiking compounds prior to extraction for some project/program DQOs. This procedure should be implemented in consultation with the analytical laboratory. Soil Gas: These guidelines are not. | Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Vol. 26 No. 7 pp. 1454-1459 2007 2007 SETAC Printed in the USA 0730-7268 07 .00 THE EFFECTS OF THREE ORGANIC CHEMICALS ON THE UPPER THERMAL TOLERANCES OF FOUR FRESHWATER FISHES Ronald W. PATRA fị John C. Chapman Richard ị and Peter C. GehrkeII Department of Environment and Conservation Lidcombe 1825 New South Wales Australia Department of Environmental Sciences University of Technology Sydney New South Wales 2007 Australia Department of Environment and Conservation University of Technology Sydney Centre for Ecotoxicology PO Box 29 Lidcombe 1825 New South Wales Australia I Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Division of Land and Water Indooroopilly Queensland 4068 Australia Received 30 March 2006 Accepted 26 January 2007 Abstract The upper temperature tolerance limits of four freshwater fish species silver perch Bidyanus bidyanus eastern rainbowfish Melanotaenia duboulayi western carp gudgeon Hypseleotris klunzingeri and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were determined using the critical thermal maximum CTMaximum method. The CTMaximum tests were carried out with unexposed fish and fish exposed to sublethal concentrations of endosulfan chlorpyrifos and phenol to determine whether or not the CTMaximum was affected. The CTMaximum temperature of B. bidyanus decreased by and C on exposure to endosulfan chlorpyrifos and phenol respectively. Similarly in M. duboulayi the CTMaximum was decreased by and 0 C while in H. klunzingeri it decreased by and C respectively and in O. mykiss by and C respectively. Exposure to sublethal test concentrations of endosulfan and chlorpyrifos caused significant p reductions in CTMaximum values for all fish species compared to that of unexposed fish. However exposure to phenol did not cause any significant p a change of CTMaximum temperatures. Keywords Critical thermal tolerance Fish Endosulfan Chlorpyrifos .

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