tailieunhanh - A position paper of the EPS Energy for the Future phần 2

Phần khoa học / kỹ thuật là cần thiết để giấy Chức vụ vì nó có chứa tất cả các sự kiện và tranh luận hình thành cơ sở của các vị trí EPS. (i) Mục tiêu của Giấy Chức vụ (Lời nói đầu) Việc sử dụng năng lượng hạt nhân để phát điện là chủ đề của cuộc tranh luận trên toàn thế giới: | see how this growth can be reached by 2020. This calculation does not even include the expected additional increase in energy demand per year. In addition energy storage devices are needed to supply a weather-independent load they are not available yet. Thus the objective of replacing nuclear electricity completely by renewable sources is debatable if not unrealistic see also 12 . Therefore the realisation of the CO2 reduction plan of the EU depends heavily on the availability of electricity from nuclear power plants. Replacing nuclear power plants by coal burning plants is not an option since it would significantly increase the world s total CO2 emission. Renewable sources will not grow fast enough to replace nuclear power in the near future. In order to meet the growing demand for electricity the recent EU goal of CO2 reduction and to avoid potentially disastrous climate changes the choice is not nuclear or renewable sources but nuclear and renewable sources. 7 2 Nuclear power generation today Nuclear energy is already used for large-scale electricity generation and is presently based on fission of uranium-235 U-235 and plutonium-239 Pu-239 in power plants. It corresponds to about 5 of the world s total energy generation supplies about 16 PWh of the world s electricity 19 and saves between - billion tonnes of CO2 emission per year. Using the new solutions mentioned below nuclear power has the potential to continue as a major energy source in the long-term with facilities that incinerate nuclear waste and produce energy at the same time and involve inherently safe design concepts. At present 31 May 2007 435 nuclear power plants are in operation world-wide 196 of them in Europe 19 . There are 37 new units under construction mostly in Eastern European and Asian countries which are going to provide a power of 32 GW. Table 1 European nuclear power reactors 19 Nuclear Electricity Generation 2006 Reactors in Operation May 2007 Reactors under .