tailieunhanh - From Turbine to Wind Farms Technical Requirements and Spin-Off Products Part 14

Tham khảo tài liệu 'from turbine to wind farms technical requirements and spin-off products part 14', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 9 The Potential for Habitat Creation around Offshore Wind Farms Jennifer C. Wilson AMEC UK 1. Introduction The growth of offshore renewable energy generation is the biggest expansion of development in the marine environment in recent years with offshore wind farms at the forefront of this. Due to its favourable wind resource Europe in particular is rapidly expanding its portfolio of offshore wind energy generation however the rest of the world is also beginning to take advantage of this natural resource. This is due in part to the fact that Europe especially the north-west region has ideal conditions for development due to the high offshore wind levels and the fact that its coasts slope gently away from the land. This means that water depths increase relatively slowly in most areas making conditions highly suitable for offshore construction Ackermann and Soder 2002 . In addition to this the offshore wind environment is much more reliable than onshore wind as it is less turbulent and has a higher energy density. This is due to the convection caused by the differential heating and cooling of the land and sea over the daily cycle making the offshore zone generally windier. Further offshore the lack of surface roughness adds to average wind speeds further increasing energy efficiency. It is estimated that an offshore wind farm can generate around 50 more electricity than can be generated from an equivalent sized land-based development Linley et al. 2007 . In the UK the development of offshore wind energy generation has been undertaken in a series of Rounds. In April 2001 following a detailed consultation and application process eighteen Round 1 sites were announced with a maximum of 30 turbines BWEA 2005 . Whilst these projects were in the planning stages further consultation was undertaken discussing topics which would be critical to future development such as the consents process legal frameworks and the electrical infrastructure required for future projects. Three .