tailieunhanh - THE INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET

he International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)[note 1] is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association as a standardized representation of the sounds of oral language.[1] The IPA is used by lexicographers, foreign language students and teachers, linguists, Speech-Language Pathologists, singers, actors, constructed language creators, and translators.[2][3] | A COURSE IN PHONETICS Peter Ladefoged Keith Johnson SIXTH EDITION THE INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET revised to 2005 CONSONANTS PULMONIC 2005 IPA Bilabial bbbiodebtal linbI Atveolbr post alveola. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal Plosive p b t d t 4 c .1 k g q G Nasal m ĨỊ n n p Ị1 N Trill B r R Tap or Flap f r Fricative a 0 f V CD Of N j s X Y X K i h fi Lateral fricative s 6 Approximate B J J UỊ Lateral approximant 1 I Ấ L Where symbolsappeanin pa irs the one to the r ight represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impos s ibl e. CONSONANTS NON-PULMONIC Clicks Voiced implosives Ejectives o Bilabial 6 Bilabial Examples 1 Dental d cf Dental alveolar p Bilabial Post alveolar J Palatal a I Dental alveolar Palato alveolar _r g Velar k Velar II Alveolar lateral s j Uvular a . s Alveolar fricative VOWELS Back Front Central Close 1 Close-mid Open-mid Open Where symbols appear in pairs the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. Continued on inside back cover Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied scanned or duplicated in whole or in part. A Course in Phonetics Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied scanned or duplicated in whole or in .

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