tailieunhanh - Trade and Macroeconomics Division International Food Policy Research Institute 2033 K Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006, U.S.A.

Among their many provisions, the new law and the stock market rules together require that the board of a publicly traded company be composed of a majority of independent directors and that the board’s audit committee consist entirely of independent directors and have at least one member with financial expertise. They also impose restrictions on the types of services that outside auditors can provide to their audit clients. These wide-ranging legislative and regulatory changes were adopted in response to the widespread outcry that followed these But Bengt Holmstrom and Steven Kaplan argue that while parts of the . corporate governance system failed in the 1990s, the overall system. | TMD DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 58 Updating and Estimating a Social Accounting Matrix Using Cross Entropy Methods Sherman Robinson Andrea Cattaneo And Moataz El-Said International Food Policy Research Institute Trade and Macroeconomics Division International Food Policy Research Institute 2033 K Street . Washington . 20006 . August 2000 TMD Discussion Papers contain preliminary material and research results and are circulated prior to a full peer review in order to stimulate discussion and critical comment. It is expected that most Discussion Papers will eventually be published in some other form and that their content may also be revised. This paper is available at http ifpri divs tmd Updating and Estimating a Social Accounting Matrix Using 1 Cross Entropy Methods by Sherman Robinson Andrea Cattaneo and Moataz El-Said 1 International Food Policy Research Institute Washington . . August 2000 Published in Economic Systems Research Vol. 13 pp. 47-64 2001. The first version of this paper was presented at the MERRISA Macro-Economic Reforms and Regional Integration in Southern Africa project workshop. September 8 -12 1997 Harare Zimbabwe. A version was also presented at the Twelfth International Conference on InputOutput Techniques New York 18-22 May 1998. Our thanks to Channing Arndt George Judge Amos Golan Hans Lofgren Rebecca Harris and workshop and conference participants for helpful comments. We have also benefited from comments at seminars at Sheffield University IPEA Brazil Purdue University and IFPRI. Finally we have also greatly benefited from comments by two anonymous referees. 1Sherman Robinson IFPRI 2033 K street . Washington DC 20006 USA. Andrea Cattaneo IFPRI 2033 K street . Washington DC 20006 USA. Moataz El-Said IFPRI 2033 K street . Washington DC 20006 UsA. Abstract The problem in estimating a social accounting matrix SAM for a recent year is to find an efficient and cost-effective way to incorporate and .

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