tailieunhanh - Advances in Vehicular Networking Technologies Part 9

Tham khảo tài liệu 'advances in vehicular networking technologies part 9', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 232 Advances in Vehicular Networking Technologies a Correction of severe NLOS measurements with PNMC Fig. 12. NLOS error mitigation from a record of distance estimates using a window size of 5 m walking. a scale-W distance estimates before and after applying PNMC method. b Comparison of CDFs errors in distance estimate before and after applying PNMC method. b CDF Fig. 12 b the improvement of applying the PNMC method can be observed through the CDF of errors in distance estimates. Generally speaking the distance estimate can be improved on approximately 2 m for cumulative probabilities higher than 30 when applying the PNMC method. 6. Conclusions The achievable positioning accuracy of traditional wireless localization systems is limited when harsh radio propagation conditions like rich multipath indoor environments are present. In this chapter a novel RTT-based ranging method is proposed over a PCB that performs RTT measurements. The effect of hardware errors has been minimized by choosing the scale-W parameter as RTT estimator. A coefficient of determination value of achieved with this estimator in LOS justified the simple linear regression function as the model that relates distance estimates to RTT measurements in LOS. As LOS is not guaranteed in an indoor environment the accuracy of the proposed localization algorithm has been tested in a rich multipath environment without any NLOS error mitigation technique achieving an error lower than 4 m on average. However this error is improved after having implemented the PNMC technique to correct NLOS errors. Once reliable RTT-based ranging estimates are obtained simple geometrical triangulation methods can be used to find the location of the MS Pahlavan Krishnamurthy 2002 . Indoor localization schemes have experienced a flurry of research in recent years. However there still remain multiple areas of open research that will help systems to meet the requirements of applications that have to operate in indoor .

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