tailieunhanh - PRIMATES AND PHILOSOPHERS Part 8

Simian được chia thành 2 nhóm: platyrrhine ("mũi bằng") hay khỉ Tân thế giới ở Trung và Nam Mỹ và khỉ catarrhine (mũi hẹp) của châu Phi và đông nam Á. Khỉ Tân thế giới bao gồm capuchin, howler và squirrel monkey, và catarrhine bao gồm khỉ Cựu thế giới (như baboon và macaque) và khỉ không đuôi. | 148 PETER SINGER asked what you should do in these circumstances most people say that you should not push the stranger off the bridge. Greene and his colleagues see these situations as differing in the extent to which they involve an impersonal situation such as throwing a switch or a personal violation such as pushing a stranger off a bridge. They found that when subjects were deciding about the personal cases the parts of the brain associated with emotional activity were more active than they were when the subjects were asked to make judgments in impersonal cases. More significantly the minority of subjects who came to the conclusion that it would be right to act in ways that involve a personal violation but minimize harm overall for example those who say that it would be right to push the stranger off the footbridge show more activity in parts of the brain associated with cognitive activity and take longer to reach their decision than those who say no to such In other words when confronted with the need to physically assault another person our emotions are powerfully aroused and for some the fact that this is the only way to save several lives is insufficient to overcome those emotions. But those who are prepared to save as many lives as possible even if this involves physically pushing another person to his death appear to be using their reason to override their emotional resistance to the personal violation that pushing another person involves. Does this lend support for the idea of human morality as evolutionarily anchored in mammalian sociality Yes to a 7Joshua Greene and Jonathan Haidt How and Where Does Moral Judgment Work Trends in Cognitive Sciences 6 2002 517-523 and personal communications. To be more specific those who accept the personal violation show more anterior dorsolateral prefrontal activity while those who reject it have more activity in the precuneus area. COMMENT 149 point. The emotional responses that lead most people to say it .

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