tailieunhanh - Taking stock: the future of our public library service

Hubungan antara pembolehubah makroekonomi dengan pulangan pasaran saham, sehingga kini, sudah banyak dihasilkan dalam karya lepas. Bagaimanapun, masih terdapat kekosongan dalam literatur ini mengenai hubungan kointegrasi antara pembolehubah ekonomi makro dengan indeks sektoral dalam pasaran saham berbanding kajian berkatian dengan indeks komposit. Justeru itu, dalam kertas ini, kami mengkaji hubungan keseimbangan jangka panjang antara beberapa pembolehubah ekonomi makro yang terpilih, dengan indeks pasaran saham Singapura (STI) serta beberapa indeks sektoral – indeks kewangan, indeks hartanah, dan indeks perhotelan. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa pasaran saham Singapura dan indeks hartanah menunjukkan hubungan kointegrasi dengan perubahan kadar bunga jangka pendek dan jangka. | September 2008 servic NISON public Service unic Taking stock Ễ future of oui ibra TAKING STOCK THE FUTURE OF OUR PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICE An independent report for UNISON by Steve Davies Senior Research Fellow Cardiff School of Social Sciences CARDIFF UNIVERSITY PRIFYSGOL CaeRDW Steve Davies is a Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Global Labour Research based in Cardiff University s School of Social Sciences. Over the past twenty five years he has conducted extensive research on public sector reform work and employment relations at UK European and global level. 2 Contents Executive summary 4 Adequate resources and funding for library services staff and premises 4 Empowerment of staff and communities to shape services together 5 Partnership working between libraries and councils across the UK to share information and good practice 5 Responsiveness to library users from all backgrounds 5 Provision of staff training and professional development 5 Introduction 6 History of public libraries 7 The state of the library service and the challenges ahead 13 Key dates in the development of the UK public library service 11 Introduction 13 Governance and funding 14 Table 1 Distribution of UK library authorities 14 Measuring value and quality 15 Funding and costs 18 Table 2 Total net expenditure on the UK library service 18 Table 3 Public Library Expenditure and GDP 1965-2000 England 19 Charging 20 Library visits and usage 21 Figure 1 Total visits to UK public libraries 1997-98 to 2006-07 22 Table 4 UK visits and usage 22 Book stocks acquisitions and issues 23 Figure 2 Total book stock 23 Figure 3 Total UK public library service book acquisitions 24 Table 5 Book acquisitions per 1 000 population 2005- 06 to 2006-07 by territorial unit 24 Figure 4 Total book issues 24 Library facilities 25 Table 6 Library closures and openings in government regions in 2006-07 England 25 Table 7 Percentage of all service points open 60 hours a week or more territorial units 25 Table 8 UK .