tailieunhanh - Achieving Excellence in Medical Education - part 7

Tuy nhiên, phán quyết của tòa án vào giữa đến cuối những năm 1990 cấm chủng tộc có ý thức tuyển sinh đã khiến nhiều trường học để cắt giảm các chương trình hành động khẳng định của họ, dẫn đến một sự suy giảm chung trong sự đa dạng của các lớp học trường y tế kể từ sau đó. | 100 Achieving Excellence in Medical Education remained constant for the next two decades their absolute numbers continued to rise as additional medical schools were opened. However court rulings in the mid to late 1990s banning race-conscious admissions led many schools to curtail their affirmative action programs leading to a general decline in the diversity of medical school classes since then. Medical school admissions committees have traditionally relied heavily on such qualifications as Medical College Admissions Test MCAT scores and grade point averages GPAs in ranking applicants. Likewise many residency program admissions committees rely on academic performance in medical school GPA honors election to Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society and National Board of Medical Examiners NBME examination scores to sort and select applicants. According to Cohen medical school applicants from underrepresented minorities have significantly lower GPAs and MCAT scores than white applicants and these indicators remain low even when adjustments for such factors as parental income are made. Explanations include poorer educational opportunities lower expectations deficits in parental income and educational experience and a relative lack of support for academic achievement in some minority cultures. Cohen estimates that if affirmative action were removed from medical school admissions decisions the number of underrepresented minority students receiving offers of admission to US medical schools would drop by approximately 70 because of their lower GPAs and MCAT scores. With affirmative action 11 of US medical school matriculants in 2001 were from underrepresented minorities. Without affirmative action the comparable number would have been 3 . On the other hand the graduation rate for such students is 90 as compared to a graduation rate of 96 for white students indicating that despite weaker academic credentials underrepresented minority students are generally able to make the