tailieunhanh - Electricity Infrastructures in the Global Marketplace Part 17

Tham khảo tài liệu 'electricity infrastructures in the global marketplace part 17', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Africa The African Union and New Partnership for Africa s Development NEPAD -The Power Footprint 769 Cascade Failure and Protection Coordination If the failure of equipment may trigger other events and cause other devices to trip out of service the system is threatened by the possibility of cascading outages. As an example the condition might be precipitated by a transmission line failure caused by a falling tree branch. In response to the outage all remaining transmission line flows adjust to carry more loads. This may result in tripping another overload line and worsen the system situation that lead to system blackout. The interconnected system is more susceptible for this type of situation since the under-frequency protection may not function properly. These cascading overloads are a threat to secure system operation and were the main reason for the spread of the Great Northeast Blackout in the 2003. Regular evaluate and update the protection scheme is necessary when expanding the interconnection networks. Interconnecting these planned AC network and or HVDC networks will increase the complexity of the system that in turn will increase system reliability security and stability problems due to the interactions of equipment and control actions. Therefore the primary reliability threats in a transmission system of Voltage stability Dynamic Transient stability and Cascading failure and protection coordination as discussed in should remain predominant during the planning phases particularly for emerging economies with marginal system parameters. Hydropower and African Grid Development Rights Based Perspective Hydropower and African Grids African energy needs are indeed vast. Africa is home to 13 of the global population but has the lowest energy consumption per capita of any continent. Most grid energy generation is in three countries South Africa Egypt and Nigeria. Even then a disproportionate amount of those using grid based energy live in .

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