tailieunhanh - McGraw.Hill PIC Robotics A Beginners Guide to Robotics Projects Using the PIC Micro eBook-LiB Part 6

Tham khảo tài liệu ' pic robotics a beginners guide to robotics projects using the pic micro ebook-lib part 6', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Chapter 8 Walter s Turtle Behavior-Based Robotics Behavior-based robotics were first built in the 1940s. At that time these robots were described as exhibiting reflexive behavior. This is identical to the neuralbased approach to implementing intelligence in robots as outlined in Chap. 7. William Grey Walter Robotics Pioneer The first pioneer in the bottom-up approach to robotics is William Grey Walter. William Grey Walter was born in Kansas City Missouri in the year 1910. When he was 5 his family moved to England. He attended school in the United Kingdom and graduated from King s College Cambridge in 1931. After graduation he began doing basic neurophysiological research in hospitals. Early in his career he found interest in the work of the famous Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov. Do you remember from your high school science classes the famous Pavlov s dogs stimulus-response experiment In case you forgot Pavlov rang a bell just before providing food for dogs. After a while the dogs became conditioned to salivate just by hearing the bell. Another contemporary of Walter Hans Berger invented the EEG machine. When Walter visited Berger s laboratory he saw refinements he could make to Berger s EEG machine. In doing so the sensitivity of the EEG machine was improved and new EEG rhythms below 10 Hz could be observed in the human brain. Walter s studies of the human brain led him to study the neural network structures in the brain. The vast complexities of the biological networks were too overwhelming to map accurately or replicate. Soon he began working with individual neurons and the electrical equivalent of a biological neuron. He wondered what type of behavior could be gathered with using just a few neurons. Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. Click here for terms of use. 87 88 Chapter Eight To answer this question in 1948 Walter built a small three-wheel mobile robot. The mobile robot measured 12 in high and about 18 in long. What is fascinating about this .