tailieunhanh - One Language, Two Grammars? - part 9

Sự tương phản của Anh-Mỹ cũng mở rộng đến trạng từ cách, cho hình 19,3 cho bốn collocations gương mẫu. Một lần nữa, Ame sử dụng trạng từ suffixless hơn BRE, mặc dù tỷ lệ khác nhau tùy thuộc vào bối cảnh xem xét. Trong cả hai giống, funnily có xu hướng thể tránh được | 368 One Language Two Grammars a whole lot whole wholly Figure The rivalry between wholly whole and a whole lot as intensifiers preceding different in selected British and American newspapers database t90-0i g90-00 dỹi-00 m93-00 L92-99 D92-95 W90-92 N01 2 modify attributive postnominal or predicative adjectives while whole is only an option before attributive adjectives and a whole lot is limited to post-nominal and predicative uses. 3. The British-American contrast also extends to manner adverbs for which Figure gives four exemplary collocations. Again AmE uses more suffixless adverbs than BrE though the percentages vary depending on the contexts considered. In both varieties funnily tends to be avoided but while AmE overwhelmingly resorts to the suffixless variant BrE opts for the wayconstruction in almost a third of the instances. Historically there has been a longstanding competition between suffixed and suffixless adverbs with an overall trend towards more adverbial marking in the standard. Needless to say this is not true of non-standard usage. Thus the re-establishment of unmarked adverbs in the spoken and written standard can be considered as a U-turn development led by AmE. 4. Another case where an adjective without adverbial suffix is put to use as an adverb is the form likely. Greenbaum 1969 110 122 223 observes that this is possible only when likely is modified cf. example 1 . 1 This type will very likely be sold out in the near future. Full references of the electronic corpora involved are found in the bibliography. Notice that the abbreviations indicating American and British newspapers use capital and lower-case letters respectively. New departures 369 in a that Adj way -ly 0 Figure The rivalry between suffixed and suffixless manner adverbs and the way-periphrasis in selected British and American newspapers database funny funnily t90-03 g90-03 dpi-00 i93-94 Í02-04 m93-00 L92-95 D92-95 W90-92 N01 strange ly t90-0i g90-00 d9i-00 m93-00 .