tailieunhanh - Who Needs Emotions The Brain Meets the Robot - Fellous & Arbib Part 11

Tham khảo tài liệu 'who needs emotions the brain meets the robot - fellous & arbib part 11', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 184 robots 3. A positive feeling about a potential good thing possible future 4. A negative feeling about a potential bad thing possible future If we were to try to assign conventional emotion names to these states which we think is inadvisable the first two could be said to correspond roughly to something like happiness and distress and the second two to primitive forms of excitement and fear We call these primitive emotions to convey the idea that they are routine-level feelings affective states which have not yet been interpreted and cognitively elaborated. We think that animal studies of the kind reported by LeDoux 1996 and studies with humans involving unconscious processing of fear-relevant stimuli . ohman Flykt Lundqvist 2000 are studies of routine-level primitive emotions. As we discuss in the next section there is an important difference between the primitive fear of the routine level and fully elaborated fear which occurs only at the reflective level. Our analysis in which four of the primitive emotions result from the product of two levels of valence positive and negative and two levels of time present and future is also consistent with the proposals of researchers such as Gray 1990 and Rolls 1999 see Chapter 5 . We propose that affective states at the routine level have some but not all of the features of a full-fledged emotion and that at this level affective states are related to but separable from cognition and motivation. The routine level lacks the cognitive resources necessary to interpret feelings as emotions by making the kind of rich conscious elaborations of situations . reasoned causal attributions that characterize full-fledged emotions. Sophisticated processes such as these are available only at the reflective level. We now need to consider the nature of motivation at the routine level. Whereas at the reactive level we had only simple motivations such as drives and approach-and-avoidance tendencies much richer .

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