tailieunhanh - MERGING PROCESSES IN GALAXY CLUSTERS

The idea for this book originated from the Joint Discussion 10 of the XXIV IAU General Assembly held in Manchester (England) in the summer of 2000. The extremely successful session on mergers in clusters of galaxies persuaded the publisher of this book to have a volume on such a topic. Clusters of galaxies are by now recognized to be not simple relaxed structures, but rather they are evolving via merging processes in a hierarchical fashion from poor groups to rich clusters. Much progress has been made in recent years in the observations of the signatures of merging processes at many wavelengths | Ạs ASTROPHYSICS AND S _ SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY MERGING PROCESSES IN GALAXY CLUSTERS L. FERETTI . GIOIA G. GIOVANNINI Editors KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS MERGING PROCESSES IN GALAXY CLUSTERS ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY VOLUME 272 EDITORIAL BOARD Chairman . BURTON National Radio Astronomy Observatory Charlottesville Virginia . burton@ University of Leiden The Netherlands burton@ Executive Committee J. M. E. KUIJPERS Faculty of Science Nijmegen The Netherlands E. P. J. VAN DEN HEUVEL Astronomical Institute University of Amsterdam The Netherlands H. VAN DER LAAN Astronomical Institute University of Utrecht The Netherlands MEMBERS I. APPENZELLER Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Konigstuhl Germany J. N. BAHCALL The Institute for Advanced Study Princeton . F. BERTOLA Universitá di Padova Italy J. P. CASSINELLI University of Wisconsin Madison . C. J. CESARSKY Centre d Etudes de Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France O. ENGVOLD Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics University of Oslo Norway R. McCRAY University of Colorado JILA Boulder . P. G. MURDIN Institute of Astronomy Cambridge . F. PACINI Istituto Astronomia Arcetri Firenze Italy V. RADHAKRISHNAN Raman Research Institute Bangalore India K. SATO School of Science The University of Tokyo Japan F. H. SHU University of California Berkeley . B. V. SOMOV Astronomical Institute Moscow State University Russia R. A. SUNYAEV Space Research Institute Moscow Russia Y. TANAKA Institute of Space Astronautical Science Kanagawa Japan S. TREMAINE CITA Princeton University . N. O. WEISS University of Cambridge .

• Vật lý
• Merger Rates
• Impact Parameters
• Angular Momenta
• Cluster Cores
• Relativistic Particles
• Nonthermal Emission
• Cosmic Rays
• Global temperature
• Total solar irradiance
• Volcanic activity
• Long term global temperature variations
• Astroparticle nuclear physics
• Galactic cosmic rays
• Solar activity
• Ultra low frequency power spectra
• Cosmic ray intensitiesc
• Solar modulation
• Solar cycles
• The long term variability
• Cosmic ray protons
• Quark Gluon
• Plasma Signals
• Hadronic Matter
• Ions Collisions
• Relativistic Heavy
• Radiation measurements
• Exposure to radiation
• Scientific balloon flight
• Precipitating particles
• Stratosphere and troposphere
• Radiation Environments
• Current Guidance
• Radiation Limits
• Hereditary Effects
• Space Radiation
• Assessing Solar
• Solar Irradiance
• Heliospheric Modulation
• Release Budgets
• Possible Influence