tailieunhanh - Deterministic Methods in Systems Hydrology - Chapter 5

Mô hình tuyến tính khái niệm của Dòng chảy trực tiếp Ungauged lưu vực 5,1 HYDROGRAPHS UNIT tổng hợp Trong chương 4 chúng ta đã thảo luận phân tích hộp đen của hệ thống tuyến tính bất biến thời gian với tham chiếu cụ thể cho các thành phần của hệ thống phản ứng có liên quan với các phản ứng cơn bão trực tiếp đến lượng mưa. Thành phần đặc biệt này được minh họa trong hình (giản thể lưu vực mô hình) là thành phần của phản ứng tổng lưu vực chuyển đổi Pe mưa hiệu quả cơn bão. | CHAPTER 5 Linear Conceptual Models of Direct Runoff Ungauged catchments Conceptual models Rationalfunction SYNTHETIC UNIT HYDROGRAPHS In Chapter 4 we discussed the black-box analysis of linear time-invariant systems with particular reference to the component of the system response concerned with the direct storm response to precipitation. This particular component is illustrated in Figure Simplified catchment model as the component of the total catchment response which converts effective precipitation Pe to storm runoff Qs. It was mentioned in Section and again in relation to Figure Models of hydrological processes that the black-box approach was one of the three general approaches to the prediction of the system output. In the present chapter we are concerned with the approach to the prediction of direct storm response based on simple conceptual models . with an approach which is intermediate between the black-box approach discussed in Chapter 4 and the approach based on the equations of mathematical physics as applied to hydrological phenomena. It was noted in Chapters 1 and 2 that the term conceptual model can be used broadly to cover both black-box models based on systems analysis and mathematical models based on continuum mechanics. In this book however the term conceptual model will be used in the restricted sense of models that are formulated on the basis of a simple arrangement of a relatively small number of elements each of which is itself a simple representation of a physical relationship. The most widely used conceptual elements of the direct storm runoff component are linear channels and linear reservoirs. These elements represent a separation and a concentration of the two distinct processes of translation and attenuation which are combined together in the case of unsteady flow over a surface or in an open channel Dooge 1959 . The conceptual model of a cascade of equal linear reservoirs each with a lateral inflow corresponds to the