tailieunhanh - Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health in Ancient Mesopotamia

A quick win in personalised medicine could be in the area of rare inherited disorders, of which most are life-threatening or seriously debilitating. Currently, 6000-8000 rare inherited disorders are known and the genetic basis of around halve has been resolved. About a thousand are currently treatable and taken together all rare inherited disorders place a major burden on Europe’s health care systems. Studying known monogenic disorders will improve our understanding of genetic and environmental modifiers of disease severity and provide an ideal for the discovery, evaluation and validation of novel bio-markers and -signatures for the prediction of severity that. | Medicine Surgery and Public Health in Ancient Mesopotamia Robert D. Biggs . Oriental Institute University of Chicago Medicine in ancient Mesopotamia grew out of a folk tradition of what is usually called herbal medicine. In such traditions plants and plant products minerals and animals and their products furnish the basic ingredients of the medications. Such medications to be described in more detail below are usually to be ingested applied to the body surface or inserted into the body. It has sometimes been claimed that the earliest medicine in Mesopotamia was a rational or scientific medicine which was only later contaminated by magical practices. Recently published letters from Mari modern Tell Hariri however clearly show the physician asu m and magician w asipu m or masmassu m working side by side on the same cases. There is no hint in the ancient texts that one approach was more legitimate than the other. In fact the two types of healers seem to have had equal legitimacy to judge from such phrases as if neither medicine nor magic brings about a cure which occur a number of times in the medical texts. The two types of therapy seem to have been used by both categories of practitioners at least on some occasions. It should be borne in mind that while the asu s profession was to treat illnesses treatment of illness was only one of the many functions of the ãsipu. Nevertheless it is useful to present separately the material we have on each. Sources of Evidence We have no treatises on medicine as such from ancient Mesopotamia to make explicit their understanding of sickness health and the treatment of illnesses. What information we have comes from the so-called medical texts from letters and from literary sources. The major source is obviously the medical texts themselves. The earliest medical prescriptions we have date from the Third Dynasty of Ur about 2000 BCE and are written in Sumerian. The largest proportion of the medical texts however are Neo-Assyrian in

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