tailieunhanh - Urban Transportation, Land Use, and Urban Transportation, Land Use, and the Environment in Latin America: the Environment in Latin America: A Case Study Approach A Case Study Approach

Within its Agenda 2000 reform package, the EU has introduced a new rural development policy which streamlines rural development measures implemented in its Member States. All measures falling under this pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) are notified under the Green Box. These fall into two groups. Firstly, the new accompanying measures of the 1992 McSharry reform, such as early retirement, agri-environment and afforestation, as well as the less-favoured areas (LFA) scheme. Second, the measures to modernize and diversify agricultural holdings, which are farm investment, setting up young farmers, training, investment aid for processing and marketing facilities as well as additional assistance for forestry, and promotion. | Urban Transportation Land Use and the Environment in Latin America A Case Study Approach Lecture 4 Part 1 A. Urban Transport Finance B. Traditional Planning Approaches Urban Transport Finance An Ideal World fuel costs to cover resource cost the border price and carbon emissions directly proportional to fuel consumption road maintenance and congestion costs charged directly through highly differentiated tolls environmental costs charged through emission charges redistribution objectives be pursued through nondistorting lump sum taxes. Simultaneous application of different charging mechanisms - allocate costs to users responsible for them in direct proportion to costs imposed. 2 The Real World Infrastructure Separated from Operations Multiple sometimes competing Objectives of Urban Transport Policy Multiple Sources Potential Sources Multiple Agencies at Different Levels of Government