tailieunhanh - Structural Steel Fabrication

Discussion of nanotechnology can quickly become complex as a full analysis involves advanced chemistry, biology, physics, computer science, and engineering. The properties of nano-scale materials are governed by laws of quantum physics, causing materials to display properties and characteristics that would be considered by the laws of classic Newtonian physics. It is these intermolecular forces which cause nanotechnology to be both a vexing research problem, and yet have enormous potential. While the science of nanotechnology can be highly complex, this report strives to remain at a layman’s level and thus avoids the complex equations and physics involved. | NORSOK STANDARD STRUCTURAL STEEL FABRICATION M-101 Rev. 3 September 1997 Please note that whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the NORSOK standards neither OLF nor TBL or any of their members will assume liability for any use thereof. Structural steel fabrication M-101 Rev. 3 September 1997 CONTENTS FOREWORD 3 INTRODUCTION 3 1 SCOPE 4 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES 4 3 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS 5 Definitions 5 Abbreviations 5 4 SELECTION OF STEELS 6 Design classes 6 Selection of steel quality level 6 5 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURES AND WELDERS 6 Welding procedure specification WPS 6 Qualification of welding procedures 6 Welding procedure approval record WPAR - Range of approval 6 Examination of the test weld 7 Welder and welding operators qualifications 10 6 FABRICATION AND WELDING REQUIREMENTS 10 General 10 Forming 10 Assembly 11 Preparation for coatings 12 Preparation and fit-up of weld bevels 12 Welding processes 12 Welding consumables 12 Preheat and interpass temperature 13 Production welding 13 Post weld heat treatment PWHT 14 Grinding 14 7 PRODUCTION TESTS 15 8 FABRICATION TOLERANCES 15 9 NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING NDT 15 General 15 Qualification of inspectors and NDT-operators 16 Extent of visual examination and NDT 16 Visual examination and finish of welds 18 Radiographic testing 18 Ultrasonic testing 18 Magnetic particle testing 19 Acceptance criteria 19 10 REPAIR 25 Definitions 25 NORSOK standard Page 1 of .