tailieunhanh - Bio-Microarray Fabrication Techniques—A Review

Nanotechnology is an often misunderstood term. Say the word, and you are likely to elicit various conceptions from complete ignorance of the term to the fear of a science fiction type mass assembler that threatens the world. 2 The term has come to mean different things to different people. “Nano” is a prefix meaning one-billionth. In distance, a nanometer is one billionth of a meter. As illustration, a human hair is 100,000 nanometers (nm) in width. A red blood cell measures approximately 5,000 nm across. Ten hydrogen atoms, lined up side by side, if. | Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 26 237-259 2006 Copyright Informa Healthcare ISSN 0738-8551 print 1549-7801 online DOI 07388550600978358 informa healthcare Bio-Microarray Fabrication Techniques A Review Irena Barbulovic-Nad Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Michael Lucente Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Yu Sun Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada and Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Mingjun Zhang Agilent Technologies Palo Alto CA USA Aaron R. Wheeler Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada and Banting and Best Department of Medical Research University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Markus Bussmann Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada ABSTRACT Microarrays with biomolecules . DNA and proteins cells and tissues immobilized on solid substrates are important tools for biological research including genomics proteomics and cell analysis. In this paper the current state of microarray fabrication is reviewed. According to spot formation techniques methods are categorized as contact printing and non-contact printing. Contact printing is a widely used technology comprising methods such as contact pin printing and microstamping. These methods have many advantages including reproducibility of printed spots and facile maintenance as well as drawbacks including low-throughput fabrication of arrays. Non-contact printing techniques are newer and more varied comprising photochemistrybased methods laser writing electrospray deposition and inkjet technologies. These technologies emerged from other applications and have the potential