tailieunhanh - Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology

The physical basis of color exists in the interaction of light with matter, both outside and inside the eye. The sensation of color depends on physiological activity in the visual system that begins with the absorption of light in photoreceptors located in the retina of the eye and ends with patterns of biochemical activity in the brain. Perceived color can be described by the color names white, gray, black, yellow, orange, brown, red, green, blue, purple, and pink. These 11 basic color terms have unambiguous referents in all fully developed languages. All of these names (as well as combinations of these and many other less precisely used nonbasic color terms) describe. | ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Physical Science AND Technology THIRD EDITION Measurements Techniques and Instrumentation Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology EN003H-945 June 13 2001 22 9 P1 LLL MBR P2 FPP Final Qu 00 00 00 00 Color Science Robert M. Boynton University of California San Diego I. Physical Basis of Perceived Color II. CIE System of Color Specification III. Color Rendering IV. Global Surface Properties V. Physical Basis of Surface Color VI. Color Difference and Color Order VII. Physiological Basis of Color Vision GLOSSARY Chromaticity Ratios x y z of each of the tristimulus values of a light to the sum of the three tristimulus values X Y Z these being the amounts of three primaries required to match the color of the light. Chromaticity diagram Plane diagram formed by plotting one of the three chromaticity coordinates against another usually y versus x . Color Characteristics of sensations elicited by light by which a human observer can distinguish between two structure-free patches of light of the same size and shape. Colorant A substance such as a dye or pigment that modifies the color of objects or imparts color to otherwise achromatic objects. Colorimetry Measurement and specification of color. Color matching Action of making a test color appear the same as a reference color. Color order System of reference whereby the relation of one color to another can be perceived and the position of that color can be established with respect to the universe of all colors. Color rendering General expression for the effect of a light source on the color appearance of objects in comparison with their color appearance under a reference light source. Color temperature Absolute temperature of a blackbody radiator having a chromaticity closest to that of a light source being specified. Metamerism 1 Phenomenon whereby lights of different spectral power distributions appear to have the same color. 2 Degree to which a material appears to change color when viewed under .