tailieunhanh - Handbook of Positive Psychology Phần 9

Nhà tâm lý không giúp thay đổi những sự kiện trong thực tế khách quan, mà nhắm đến những thay đổi những gì xảy ra trong thực tại chủ quan của người bệnh hoặc thân chủ. Nói một cách hình tượng thì “nhà trị liệu mang thân chủ đến một điểm, mà ở đó họ không còn cảm thấy tuyệt vọng nữa” | 48 Positive Psychology for Children Development Prevention and Promotion Michael C. Roberts Keri J. Brown Rebecca J. Johnson Janette Reinke You have brains in your head You have feet in your shoes You can steer yourself Any direction you choose. Dr. Seuss Although the specialties of psychology dealing with children recognize the serious problems encountered during their development much of the recent orientation involves moving away from viewing the psychological and behavioral deficits resulting from a developmental challenge. Instead the focus increasingly has become one of perceiving the competence of the child and his or her family and enhancing growth in psychological domains. The clinical child school and pediatric psychology literatures frequently address concepts of stress and coping generally accepting that coping is a positive response to the stress of a negative environmental situation or life event such as a chronic illness or parental divorce. As noted by Siegel 1992 individualdifferences factors can influence both a child s response to stress and his or her use of coping strategies p. 4 . He called for increased attention to the individual differences in children s behavioral emotional and physiological responsiveness to their environment. Siegel indicated that each child may respond quite differently to an environmental stressor. An important aspect of coping is that the same mechanisms of responding to stress are involved in life events that are not as significant as divorce or disease but are the daily hassles of human existence. For example in pediatric psychology several resilience and coping models have emerged to frame issues of children who have a chronic illness such as diabetes cystic fibrosis or sickle-cell disease. In much of the earlier literature and still to some extent today coping or resilience concepts are thought of only as responses to a stressor usually a major one not as a positive behavioral style of adjusting adapting .

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