tailieunhanh - Measuring access to learning opportunities

Since the mid-1990s, local and state education agencies increasingly have emphasized the need to hold students, educators, and schools accountable for meeting high academic standards. With the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act in 2001, the need for accountability was confirmed again in federal law, as was the federal government’s commitment to ensuring equitable access to essential learning opportunities. Historically, the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) of the . Department of Education is the federal agency that has been charged with ensuring that all students— especially those in protected classes, as defined in civil rights laws by race, ethnicity, gender, religion, national origin, language, and disability (see below)—have equitable access to learning opportunities | MEASURING ACCESS TO LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL Of Fhf NAEỮNAL ACfCXMX If MEASURING ACCESS TO LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES Committee on Improving Measures of Access to Equal Educational Opportunity Willis D. Hawley and Timothy Ready Editors Center for Education and Committee on National Statistics Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington . THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street . Washington DC 20001 NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences the National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This study was supported by Contract Grant No. R215U990016-01B between the National Academy of Sciences and the . Department of Education. Any opinions findings conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author s and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project. Librar y of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data National Research Council . . Committee on Improving Measures of Access to Equal Educational Opportunity. Measuring access to learning opportunities Committee on Improving Measures of Access to Equal Educational Opportunity Willis D. Hawley and Timothy Ready editors. p. cm. Center for Education and Committee on National Statistics Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-309-08897-6 pbk. 1. Educational equalization United States. 2. Minority students Civil rights United States. 3. Educational surveys United States. I. Hawley Willis D. II. Ready Timothy. .