tailieunhanh - Oxidative stress

To understand oxidative stress, we review mitochondria together. MItochondria Mitochondria consume over 80 percent of the oxygen we breathe and make over 90 percent of the energy our cells need to function. They use the oxygen in the air we breathe to release energy from food. This process transforms food calories into chemical energy, water, and carbon dioxide. The released chemical energy is then stored in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the universal currency of energy used by all life on earth. It is like an electrical power source that drives the engines of the cell. This process. | Oxidative stress To understand oxidative stress we review mitochondria together. Mitochondria Mitochondria consume over 80 percent of the oxygen we breathe and make over 90 percent of the energy our cells need to function. They use the oxygen in the air we breathe to release energy from food. This process transforms food calories into chemical energy water and carbon dioxide. The released chemical energy is then stored in the form of adenosine triphosphate ATP . ATP is the universal currency of energy used by all life on earth. It is like an electrical power source that drives the engines of the cell. This process of burning food to make ATP is called oxidative phosphorylation. Only mitochondria can do it. Mitochondria are important in relation to the aging process for two reasons their role in energy production and the generation of free radicals. In a healthy state about 20 of the oxygen we breathe forms free radicals. In an unhealthy state up to 80 of the oxygen we breath forms free radicals. Oxidative stress Oxidative stress represents an imbalance between the production and manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system s ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage. Disturbances in the normal redox state of tissues can cause toxic effects through the production of peroxides and free radicals that damage all components of the cell including proteins lipids and DNA. Some reactive oxidative species can even act as messengers through a phenomenon called redox signaling Free radicals Free radicals are lacking one electron. Having an unpaired electron makes these radicals very unstable then the radicals will start attacking healthy cells to find take that electron from another molecule stabilizing themselves and in doing so create a new free radical. This new unstable molecule starts the search all over again for another cell to get an electron from. A chain reaction develops causing repeated .

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