tailieunhanh - The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics Part 95

The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics Part 95. In the past decade, Cognitive Linguistics has developed into one of the most dynamic and attractive frameworks within theoretical and descriptive linguistics The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics is a major new reference that presents a comprehensive overview of the main theoretical concepts and descriptive/theoretical models of Cognitive Linguistics, and covers its various subfields, theoretical as well as applied. | 910 KAREN VAN HGEK 17 a. In his latest movie Tom Cruise gets framed for murder. b. In Ben s picture of her Rosa is riding a horse. c. So far as she knows Sally is well-liked. Relative to the object process-internal modifiers behave in the same way that process-external modifiers behave relative to the subject. That is they are automatically construed within the object s dominion so long as they follow it in the linear string as in 18a and 18b . Unlike the subject which is the figure for the entire clause the object is a more local figure prominent only in relation to elements with which it is more directly interconnected that is participants in the core interaction described by the verb see van Hoek 1997a 92-94 for a more detailed account . When process-internal modifiers are preposed they therefore escape the object s dominion as in 18c and 18d examples 18b and 18d are from Reinhart 1983 . 18 a. I handed him the contract outside Ralph s office. b. Rosa tickled him with Ben s peacock feather. c. Outside Ralph s office I handed him the contract. d. Rosa tickled Ben with his peacock feather. Only one type of modifier seems to straddle the two categories temporal modifiers which take the form of a subordinate clause. As 19 illustrates they are construed within the dominion of the object when they follow the object. 19 a. I saw John after he came back from work. b. I saw him after John came back from work. c. Alex called Sue when she was in Chicago. d. Alex called her when Sue was in Chicago. As Bolinger 1979 puts it the temporal modifiers are captured by the verb phrase when they follow the verb. However when they are preposed they behave as process-external modifiers escaping even the dominion of the subject. It is therefore possible to have a name in the preposed modifier which corresponds to a pronominal subject of the main clause as in 20 . 20 a. After John came home from work he took a shower. b. When Sue was in Chicago she visited the museum. We can assume that