tailieunhanh - Critical evaluation of diagnostic aids for the detection of oral cancer

Most inherited cases of breast cancer are associated with two abnormal genes: BRCA1 (BReast CAncer gene 1) and BRCA2 (BReast CAncer gene 2). According to the National Cancer Institute, women with an abnormal BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene have about a 60% risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer during their lifetimes (compared to about 12% for women overall). Their risk of ovarian cancer is also increased. Abnormal BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes are found in 5% to 10% of all breast cancer cases in the United States. Other types of inherited gene abnormalities are less common. Finding out whether you have. | ARTICLE IN PRESS Oral Oncology 2007 xxx xxx-xxx available at ScienceDirect journal homepage http journals oron REVIEW Critical evaluation of diagnostic aids for the detection of oral cancer Mark W. Lingen a John R. Kalmar b e Theodore Karrison c f Paul M. Speight d g ORAL ONCOLOGY a Departments of Pathology Medicine and Radiation Cellular Oncology The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine 5841 S. Maryland Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA b Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Pathology and Dental Anesthesiology The Ohio State University College of Dentistry Columbus OH 43218 USA c Department of Health Studies The University of Chicago 5841 S. Maryland Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA d Department of Oral Pathology The University of Sheffield Claremont Cres. Sheffield S10 2TA Sheffield UK Received 30 April 2007 received in revised form 21 June 2007 accepted 22 June 2007 KEYWORDS Oral cancer Premalignancy Screening Diagnosis Summary Historically the screening of patients for signs of oral cancer and precancerous lesions has relied upon the conventional oral examination. A variety of commercial diagnostic aids and adjunctive techniques are available to potentially assist in the screening of healthy patients for evidence of otherwise occult cancerous change or to assess the biologic potential of clinically abnormal mucosal lesions. This manuscript systematically and critically examines the literature associated with current oral cancer screening and case-finding aids or adjuncts such as toluidine blue brush cytology tissue reflectance and autofluorescence. The characteristics of an ideal screening test are outlined and the authors pose several questions for clinicians and scientists to consider in the evaluation of current and future studies of oral cancer detection and diagnosis. Although the increased public awareness of oral cancer made possible by the marketing of recently-introduced screening adjuncts is .