tailieunhanh - Olive Oil Constituents Quality Health Properties and Bioconversions Part 13

Tham khảo tài liệu 'olive oil constituents quality health properties and bioconversions part 13', khoa học tự nhiên, công nghệ sinh học phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Differential Effect of Fatty Acids in Nervous Control of Energy Balance 409 Indeed 24h of lard oil infusion in carotid which had no effect on plasma TG or FA concentrations data not shown induced a glucose intolerance suggesting a deregulation of insulin sensitivity and or secretion. This deleterious effect of lard oil in nervous control of glucose homeostasis was associated with an increased in DAG and ceramides content in hypothalamus. An important role for ceramides has emerged from research on the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases associated with obesity such as diabetes Holland Summers 2008 . Indeed ceramides appear to be particularly deleterious components of the lipid milieu that accrues in obesity and levels of ceramides are often elevated in skeletal muscle liver and or serum of obese humans and rodents Adams et al. 2004 Clement et al. 2002 . DAG and ceramides are known to activate kinase such as PKC which phosphorylate insulin receptor substrate and Akt leading to an inhibition of the insulin signaling Mullen et al. 2009 Newton et al. 2009 . A recent study also evidenced that sphingolipids such as ceramide might be key components of the signaling networks that link lipid-induced inflammatory pathways to the antagonism of insulin action that contributes to diabetes Holland et al. 2011 . We also recently demonstrated that the atypical protein kinase C PKC is expressed in discrete neuronal populations of the ARC and the dorsal medial hypothalamic nucleus Benoit et al. 2009 . CNS exposure to saturated palmitic acid via direct infusion or by oral gavage increased the localization of PKC to hypothalamic cell membranes in association impaired hypothalamic insulin and leptin signaling Benoit et al. 2009 . This finding was specific for palmitic acid as the monounsaturated FA OA neither increased membrane localization of PKC nor reduced insulin signaling. Finally ARC-specific knockdown of PKC attenuated diet-induced obesity and improved hypothalamic insulin .

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