tailieunhanh - Symptoms and Diagnosis of Kidney and Urinary Tract

Some urinary tract disorders rarely cause symptoms until the problem is very advanced; these include kidney failure, tumors and stones that do not block urine flow, and some low-grade infections. Sometimes, symptoms occur but are very general and difficult for the doctor to connect to the kidney. For example, a general feeling of illness (malaise), loss of appetite, nausea, or generalized itching may be the only symptoms of chronic kidney failure. In older people, mental confusion may be the first recognized symptom of infection or kidney failure. . | Symptoms and Diagnosis of Kidney and Urinary Tract Some urinary tract disorders rarely cause symptoms until the problem is very advanced these include kidney failure tumors and stones that do not block urine flow and some low-grade infections. Sometimes symptoms occur but are very general and difficult for the doctor to connect to the kidney. For example a general feeling of illness malaise loss of appetite nausea or generalized itching may be the only symptoms of chronic kidney failure. In older people mental confusion may be the first recognized symptom of infection or kidney failure. Symptoms that are more suggestive of a kidney or urinary problem include pain in the side flank swelling of the lower extremities and problems with urination. BURNING OR PAIN WITH URINATION Burning or pain with urination dysuria may be felt at the opening to the urethra or less often over the bladder in the pelvis the lower part of the abdomen just above the pubic bone . Occasionally if a woman has vaginal irritation for example due to inflammation or infection of the vagina or of the area surrounding the vaginal opening called vulvovaginitis she may feel a burning sensation when urinating. Causes Dysuria is very common particularly among adult women in whom it is often caused by urinary tract infections such as cystitis and urethritis. However dysuria can occur in men and women of any age and can have many noninfectious causes. Common Causes of Dysuria Type Examples Infectious Cervicitis Cystitis more common in women Epididymo-orchitis Prostatitis Urethritis Vulvovaginitis Inflammatory Inflammatory connective tissue disorders reactive arthritis or Behẹet s syndrome Interstitial cystitis noninfectious bladder inflammation Vulvar vestibulitis increased vulvar sensitivity to pain Physical Catheterization of the bladder Obstruction of the bladder neck for example due to benign prostatic hyperplasia or urethra due to strictures Other Atrophic vaginitis or urethritis Tumors Common .