tailieunhanh - Bioluminescence Recent Advances in Oceanic Measurements and Laboratory Applications Part 5

Tham khảo tài liệu 'bioluminescence recent advances in oceanic measurements and laboratory applications part 5', khoa học tự nhiên, công nghệ sinh học phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Bioluminescent Proteins High Sensitive Optical Reporters for Imaging Protein-Protein Interactions and Protein Foldings in Living Animals 51 cells. Protein-protein interactions are important determining factors in the regulation of many cellular processes. Signaling pathways regulating cellular proliferation differentiation and apoptosis are commonly mediated by protein-protein interactions as well as reversible chemical modifications of proteins . phosphorylation acetylation methylation and sumoylation which normally control sub-cellular trafficking and function of proteins. To understand these modifications in proteins and protein modification-assisted or independent protein-protein interactions several techniques have been developed and studied in intact cells and in cell extracts. The yeast two-hybrid system is one of the earliest techniques which used enzyme beta-galactosidase as a reporter protein at the beginning and later was improved by adopting bioluminescent reporters for rapid measurement. The latter is used extensively in screening for protein-protein interactions and also for identifying small molecule drugs that alter inhibit or enhance protein-protein interactions which can be used as therapeutic agents for treating several cellular diseases including cancer. The major limitation of this system is that it can only study the proteinprotein interactions occurring in the nucleus otherwise it requires the study proteins to be trafficked into the nucleus. The readout of yeast two-hybrid system is based on the amount of reporter proteins produced during protein-protein interaction associated transcriptional activation of reporter proteins see more details in section . To circumvent this limitation other techniques have been developed including the split ubiquitin system Sos recruitment system dihydrofolate reductase complementation P-galactosidase complementation P-lactamase complementation the G protein fusion system and most recently .