tailieunhanh - BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS in NEUROSCIENCE - PART 4

Tầm nhìn là một sự lựa chọn nghèo cho động vật gặm nhấm bạch tạng, nhưng chim bồ câu là một chủ đề tuyệt vời cho tín hiệu thị giác. Chuột thích một môi trường tối, so với một môi trường ánh sáng. Việc sử dụng các hình dạng khác nhau và màu sắc là các biến tốt cho chim bồ câu hoặc động vật linh trưởng | E. Sensory Modalities Visual Cues Vision cues are a poor choice for albino rodents but pigeons are an excellent subject for visual cues. Rats prefer a dark environment vs. a light environment. The use of different shapes and colors are good variables for pigeons or primates while simple light and dark choices are appropriate for rodents. The preferred chamber design for rodents is a patterned design not a solid black or white configuration which increases the strong preference for the dark environment. Olfaction Olfaction is one of the best exteroceptive cues no odor female or male scent and food for rodents. It is worth noting that failure to clean the chambers after each test session during habituation and during training has the potential to confound results. Auditory Cues Developmental rodent studies utilizing powerful exteroceptive cues often use recordings of ultrasonic chatter between mother and pup. Tones and clicking sounds provide means of creating distinct auditory environments. Tactile Cues One should allow for a wide range and degree of specificity between chambers by using different flooring materials solid floor smooth textured spaced bars wire mesh wood chips . IV. Experimental Designs A. Number and Duration of Conditioning Trials Drugs with powerful reinforcing properties amphetamine cocaine and morphine require fewer and shorter conditioning trials then a weaker reinforcing drug nicotine . Drugs with a very short half-life may allow a researcher to run a drug session in the morning and a vehicle session in the afternoon. The number of drug and vehicle training sessions should be equal. Number of testing sessions in CPP or CPA is one. The test session is in a non-drugged state. Comment A criticism of CPP or CPA is testing in a non-drug state when conditioning in a drugged state creates the potential of confounding by state dependent learning. State dependent learning takes place when an animal is conditioned to the interaction between exteroceptive

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