tailieunhanh - Báo cáo y học: " Membrane traffic in the post-genomic era."

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Wertheim cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Membrane traffic in the post-genomic era. | Hein and von Zastrow Genome Biology 2010 11 119 http 2010 11 5 119 w Genome Biology RESEARCH HIGHLIGHT L__ Membrane traffic in the post-genomie era Peter Hein and Mark von Zastrow Abstract A multi-parametric genetic screening approach sheds light on integrated control of the endocytic pathway in mammalian cells. A defining feature of eukaryotic cells is the presence of an elaborate network of internal membrane compartments that communicate between themselves and with the cell surface via specific membrane fission and fusion reactions 1 2 . Such membrane trafficking processes can be viewed as a network of intracellular transport pathways whose operation is critical to normal physiology and disturbed in disease. A major goal in the field of cell biology therefore is to elucidate the mechanistic basis of these fundamental membrane trafficking processes and how they are regulated. Historically genetic approaches have been instrumental in this effort particularly forward genetic screens in model eukaryotes such as budding yeast by the traditional route of mutagenesis phenotype selection and subsequent identification of the affected gene. Such screens have led to the identification of a variety of essential proteins mediating membrane traffic in the biosynthetic pathway of yeast many of which have orthologs in mammals 3 4 . A long-standing barrier to more comprehensive analysis of membrane-trafficking processes in mammalian cells has been the relative intractability of these cells to forward genetic analysis. The main barrier is that mammalian cell culture lines unlike yeast cannot be maintained in a haploid state. Therefore traditional genetic methods based on mutations in the genome because they typically disrupt only a single copy of a particular gene rarely produce a screenable phenotype. This barrier is beginning to break down however based on the development of alternative methods. The sequencing and annotation of animal genomes