tailieunhanh - Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing

Today’s nurses enter a realm of opportunities and challenges for providing high-quality, evidence-based care in traditional as well as new and innovative health care settings. The rapid changes in health care mandate that nurses be prepared to provide or plan care across the continuum of settings—from hospital or clinic, to home, to community agencies or hospice settings—and during all phases of illness. Recent research has indicated that nurses make significant contributions to the health care outcomes of patients who are hospitalized. Therefore, today’s nurses must be prepared to identify patients’ short- and long-term needs quickly and to collaborate effectively with patients and families, other members of the health care team, and. | Contents Unit 1 Basic Concepts in Nursing Practice 2 1 Health Care Delivery and Nursing Practice4 THE HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY AND THE NURSING PROFESSION 5 Nursing Defined 5 The Patient Client Consumer of Nursing and Health Care 5 Health Care in Transition 6 HEALTH WELLNESS AND HEALTH PROMOTION 6 Health 6 Wellness 6 Health Promotion 6 INFLUENCES ON HEALTH CARE DELIVERY 6 Population Demographics 7 Changing Patterns of Disease 7 Advances in Technology and Genetics 8 Economic Changes 8 Demand for Quality Care 8 Alternative Health Care Delivery Systems 9 ROLES OF THE NURSE 14 Practitioner Role 14 Leadership Role 15 Research Role 15 MODELS OF NURSING CARE DELIVERY 15 Team Nursing 15 Primary Nursing 15 Community-Based Nursing and Community Health-Public Health Nursing 16 EXPANDED NURSING ROLES 16 Collaborative Practice 17 2 Community-Based Nursing Practice19 THE GROWING NEED FOR COMMUNITY-BASED HEALTH CARE 20 Community-Based Care 20 Home Health Care 21 HOSPITAL AND COMMUNITY-BASED NURSING 21 DISCHARGE PLANNING FOR HOME CARE 22 COMMUNITY RESOURCES AND REFERRALS 22 PREPARING FOR A HOME VISIT 22 CONDUCTING A HOME VISIT 22 Personal Safety Precautions 22 Initial Home Visit 23 Determining the Need for Future Visits 23 Closing the Visit 24 OTHER COMMUNITY-BASED HEALTH CARE SETTINGS 24 Ambulatory Settings 24 Occupational Health Programs 24 School Health Programs 24 Care for the Homeless 25 3 Critical Thinking Ethical Decision Making and the Nursing Process__26 DEFINITION OF CRITICAL THINKING 27 CRITICAL THINKING PROCESS 27 Rationality and Insight 27 Components of Critical Thinking 27 Critical Thinking in Nursing Practice 27 ETHICAL NURSING CARE 28 DOMAIN OF NURSING ETHICS 28 Ethics Versus Morality 28 Ethics Theories 29 Approaches to Ethics 29 Moral Situations 30 Types of Ethical Problems in Nursing 30 PREVENTIVE ETHICS 33 Advance Directives 33 ETHICAL DECISION MAKING 34 STEPS OF THE NURSING PROCESS 34 USING THE .