tailieunhanh - Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution Part 4

Tham khảo tài liệu 'indoor and outdoor air pollution part 4', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Air Polluted Environment and Health Effects 21 Nevertheless there is sufficient concern to consider reducing exposure to coarse particles as well as to fine particles. Up to now coarse and fine particles have been evaluated and regulated together as the focus has been on PM10. However the two types have different sources and may have different effects and tend to be poorly correlated in the air. The systematic review therefore recommended that consideration be given to assessing and controlling coarse as well as fine PM. Similarly ultrafine particles are different in composition and probably to some extent in effect from fine and coarse particles. Annual mean level PM10 p m3 pg m Basis for the selected level WHO interim target-1 IT-1 70 35 These levels are estimated to be associated with about 15 higher long-term mortality than at AQG WHO interim target-2 IT-2 50 25 In addition on the other health benefits these levels lower risk of premature mortality by approximately 6 2-11 compared to WhO-ITI WHO interim target-3 IT-3 30 15 In addition on the other health benefits these levels lower risk of premature mortality by approximately 6 2-11 compared to WhO-IT2 levels WHO Air quality guidelines QAG 20 10 These are the lowest levels at which total cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality have been shown to increase with more than 95 confidence in response to in the ACS study. The use of guideline is preferred. Table 9. Air Quality guidelines for PM annual Nevertheless their effect on human health has been insufficiently studied to permit a quantitative evaluation of the risks to health of exposure to such particles. Multi-city studies of 29 cities in Europe and 20 cities in the United States Health Effects Institute 2004 reported short-term mortality effects for PM10 of and for every 10 pg m3 respectively. A meta-analysis of 29 cities from outside Western Europe and North America reported an effect of . A meta-analysis confined to Asian .

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