tailieunhanh - Hydrodynamics Natural Water Bodies Part 6

Tham khảo tài liệu 'hydrodynamics natural water bodies part 6', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 112 Hydrodynamics - Natural Water Bodies primarily a descriptive science based on sparse and scattered observations. The quantitative aspects of physical and dynamical oceanography saw a major breakthrough with the publication of Henry Stommel s seminal work on the North Atlantic circulation Stommel 1948 . With a simple mathematical model of the wind driven circulation he was able to elegantly explain the phenomenon of westward intensification . the formation of strong western boundary currents such as the Gulf Stream as a result of the meridional variation of the Coriolis force. The idea of using numerical models to further expand the understanding of the intricacies and complexities of the ocean circulation was introduced nearly twenty years later in the pioneering work of Bryan Cox 1967 . As with Stommel s research they too investigated the circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean which at the time was the most highly observed ocean basin. The purpose of the model was to solve an initial value problem based on a simplified version of the Navier-Stokes equations. Through their model they were able to study the interaction between the wind driven and the thermohaline components of the circulation. Their work drew heavily from the experience of numerical weather prediction which took nearly thirty years to develop the capability of producing skillful forecasts beginning with Richardson s 1922 original concept but unsuccessful attempt and continuing to Charney et al. 1950 producing the first successful 24 hr forecast. As computational capabilities have increased exponentially over the past thirty years so too has ocean modeling developed from a tool for simplified and focused process studies to fully operational forecasting systems. In this sense the distinction between process studies or simulations and a forecasting system can be explained as follows. In the former the goal is to understand the physical basis of the process without regard to reproducing specific