tailieunhanh - The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts phần 3

tư bản nhỏ, do đó, có hai lựa chọn: ông có thể tiêu thụ vốn của mình, kể từ khi ông có thể không còn sống trên lợi ích - tức là. , chấm dứt được một nhà tư bản; hoặc, ông có thể tự mình thành lập một doanh nghiệp, bán hàng hoá của mình ở một mức giá thấp hơn, | Estranged labor not only 1 estranges nature from man and 2 estranges man from himself from his own function from his vital activity because of this it also estranges man from his species. It turns his species-life into a means for his individual life. Firstly it estranges species-life and individual life and secondly it turns the latter in its abstract form into the purpose of the former also in its abstract and estranged form. For in the first place labor life activity productive life itself appears to man only as a means for the satisfaction of a need the need to preserve physical existence. But productive life is species-life. It is life-producing life. The whole character of a species its species-character resides in the nature of its life activity and free conscious activity constitutes the species-character of man. Life appears only as a means of life. The animal is immediately one with its life activity. It is not distinct from that activity it is that activity. Man makes his life activity itself an object of his will and consciousness. He has conscious life activity. It is not a determination with which he directly merges. Conscious life activity directly distinguishes man from animal life activity. Only because of that is he a species-being. Or rather he is a conscious being -- . his own life is an object for him only because he is a species-being. Only because of that is his activity free activity. Estranged labor reverses the relationship so that man just because he is a conscious being makes his life activity his being Wesen a mere means for his existence. The practical creation of an objective world the fashioning of inorganic nature is proof that man is a conscious species-being -- . a being which treats the species as its own essential being or itself as a species-being. It is true that animals also produce. They build nests and dwelling like the bee the beaver the ant etc. But they produce only their own immediate needs or those of their young

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