tailieunhanh - Báo cáo y học: " Evolution, ecology and the engineered organism: lessons for synthetic biology"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Wertheim cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Evolution, ecology and the engineered organism: lessons for synthetic biology. | X Genome Biology Opinion Evolution ecology and the engineered organism lessons for synthetic biology Jeffrey M Skerker t Julius B Lucks t and Adam P Arkin t Addresses Department of Bioengineering University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA. Physical Biosciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA. Correspondence Adam P Arkin. Email aparkin@ Abstract As the scope and complexity of synthetic biology grows an understanding of evolution and ecology will be critical to its success. One of the most powerful and controversial aspects of engineering living organisms is that they reproduce evolve and interact with their environment. Humans have been engineering plants and animals since the advent of agriculture approximately 12 000 years ago through breeding and artificial selection for their domestication 1 . The evolution of corn from the small grass teosinte 2 or the transformation of the wolf into man s best friend the dog 1 are testaments to the success of this approach. We have even domesticated microorganisms using yeast and bacteria for the production of beer wine cheese and yogurt as well as numerous other products we consume every day 3 4 . Although powerful genetic engineering by classical breeding and selection is slow and results in a large number of unknown genetic changes that are hard to reconcile and may have unintended secondary effects. What we need is a rational approach to the engineering of biological systems that makes the process fast cheap and safe to solve problems in energy health agriculture and the environment. First steps towards realizing this aim began with the advent of recombinant DNA technology in the latter half of the 20th century which created visions of a new era of synthetic biology where novel genes could be designed and constructed for useful purposes 5-7 . Since then we have made incredible advances in our ability to manipulate genes genomes and organisms and this has led to a .