tailieunhanh - PsychologyA Self-Teaching Guide phần 2

TF phương pháp thử tìm hiểu hành vi con người bằng cách sử dụng các bài kiểm tra tâm lý của các thuộc tính như thông minh, cá tính, sáng tạo và. 5. TF phương pháp thực nghiệm là không hoàn thiện như một phương pháp vì nó cung cấp không có cách nào cho một nhà nghiên cứu để có được kiểm soát biến. (Câu trả lời có thể được tìm thấy trên trang 28.) | __2 Research Methods in Psychology Gathering Data PREVIEW QUIZ True or False 1. T F Forming a hypothesis is an important step in the scientific method. 2. T F Naturalistic observation is characterized by the use of a control group. 3. T F The clinical method is a research technique associated primarily with the treatment of individuals with mental or behavioral disorders. 4. T F The testing method explores human behavior by using psychological tests of attributes such as intelligence personality and creativity. 5. T F The experimental method is flawed as a method because it provides no way for a researcher to obtain control over variables. Answers can be found on page 28. In the opening chapter you learned that scientific psychology has four explicit goals to describe explain predict and control behavior. In order to accomplish these goals it is essential to employ effective research methods. In this chapter you will become familiar with the principal ways in which psychologists gather data and put the scientific method to work. 17 18 PSYCHOLOGY Objectives After completing this chapter you will be able to describe the three main steps in the scientific method identify the principal research methods used by psychology recognize some of the advantages and disadvantages of the various research methods understand the difference between a positive and a negative correlation specify key concepts associated with the experimental method. The Scientific Method Do the Facts Support Your Educated Guess In the days of psychology s long philosophical past the method used to investigate the behavior of human beings was rationalism. This is the point of view that great discoveries can be made just by doing a lot of hard thinking. This is still a workable approach in some fields of philosophy and it has certainly been a workable method in mathematics. In psychology however rationalism alone can lead to contradictory conclusions. At an informal level rationalism is sometimes called

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