tailieunhanh - money macroeconomics and keynes essays in honour of victoria chick volume 1 phần 4

cổ phiếu của tiền cũng phụ thuộc vào các quyết định và hành động của hệ thống ngân hàng. Điều này bao gồm sự sẵn sàng của các ngân hàng bước đầu cung cấp các khoản vay mà ủng hộ sự gia tăng của tiền gửi ngân hàng (và do đó cổ phiếu của tiền). | KEYNES MONEY AND MODERN MACROECONOMICS the marginal efficiency of capital i r. Now introduce expected inflation after a period of price stability. How will the changed environment impact on this equilibrium There appears to be no simple answer to this question. As suggested above-it depends on the nature of the inflation shock. For example if we take the case of a consumer-led boom that results in an increase in the net profit stream Hj as consumer goods prices rise relative to costs. If agents act in Fisherian fashion the nominal rate of interest will be increased to maintain the purchasing power of interest income. The net effect of these two changes on the demand price of capital is indeterminate a priori. Similarly the impact of inflationary expectations on the marginal efficiency of capital in the same circumstances suggests that r will also rise. Given no change to P k a rise in Hj means that r must be higher. A priori it is not clear that equilibrium will be disturbed. This is Keynes s 1936 143 point. Once that is recognised one of the limitations of Fisher s analysis of inflationary expectations is apparent. The Fisherian parity condition accounts for the impact of expected inflation on nominal interest rates but ignores the consequences for the marginal efficiency of capital. A contango in the capital goods market A contango exists in the capital goods market when the demand price of capital goods lies below the flow supply price Davidson 1978 chapter 4 . In other words a contango is a situation in which the marginal efficiency of capital is less than the rate of interest. With reference to expression 4 a contango occurs because given the flow supply price of capital goods and expected profits n the rate of interest exceeds the marginal efficiency of capital. To take an extreme example of a contango consider the case where the nominal rate of interest has fallen to its lower bound of zero but the marginal efficiency of capital is negative. Krugman 1998a b

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