tailieunhanh - ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION RATES OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN GROUNDWATER: A SUMMARY OF FIELD AND LABORATORY STUDIES

Controlled oxidation is increasingly being practiced using solid peroxides, pH modifiers, and catalysts that promote the generation of free radicals. This new approach moderates the rate of dissolution and peroxide generation, which in turn controls that rate of reaction between peroxide and the petroleum contaminants. The use of slurried peroxides creates the opportunity to release oxidants and oxygen over a longer period, which can promote subsequent aerobic remediation. “Modified” Fenton-type systems use pH-neutral and even higher pH conditions along with slurried solid peroxides and metallic or organo-metallic catalysts. The reaction of the oxidants with the catalysts generate hydroxyl radicals, which react with the organic contaminants within. | ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION RATES OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN GROUNDWATER A SUMMARY OF FIELD AND LABORATORY STUDIES Work Assignment Manager and Technical Direction Prepared by Dr. Zubair A. Saleem . Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste Washington DC 20460 HydroGeoLogic Inc. 1155 Herndon Parkway Suite 900 Herndon VA 20170 Under Contract No. 68-W7-0035 . Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste Washington DC 20460 June 1999 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .iii INTRODUCTION. 1 REVIEW OF BIODEGRADATION STUDIES . 2 REFERENCES. 8 APPENDIX A CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING BIODEGRADATION RATE LABORATORY STUDIES . A-1 APPENDIX B CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING BIODEGRADATION RATE FIELD STUDIES .B-1 APPENDIX C CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING BIODEGRADATION RATE STUDIES Syracuse Research Center .C-1 APPENDIX D LABORATORY STUDIES FOR ALL COMPOUNDS. D-1 APPENDIX E FIELD STUDIES FOR ALL APPENDIX F LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES FOR ALL APPENDIX G REFERENCES FOR ALL COMPOUNDS. G-1 1 LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure Temperature of Groundwater in the United States at Depths of 10-20 meters Collins 1925 . 4 LIST OF TABLES Page Table Summary of Rate Constants . 5 .