tailieunhanh - Effective utility management phần 5

Cháy ức chế lưu lượng nước và áp suất (%): 100 X giờ thời gian khi dòng chảy của "X" gpm và áp suất của "Y" psi-mức quy định bởi tiện ích có sẵn để ngăn chận hoả hoạn tại tối đa nhu cầu ngày ÷ tổng số giờ khi nước đàn áp lửa nên có nhu cầu ngày tối đa (trong kỳ báo cáo, thường là mỗi tháng). | Page 36 Effective Utility Management of failure and cost of repairs decisions regarding routine maintenance and replace ment renewals can be better Example calculation drinking water utilities Leakage and breakage frequency rate percent 100 X total number of leaks total number of breaks total miles of distribution piping per year . Note leaks and breaks are distinctly different events. This is a QualServe Example calculation wastewater utilities Collection system failure rate percent 100 X total number of collection system failures total miles of collection system piping per year . This is a QualServe 4. Planned maintenance Description Planned maintenance includes both preventive and predictive maintenance. Preventive maintenance is performed according to a predetermined schedule rather than in response to failure. Predictive maintenance is initiated when signals indicate that maintenance is due. All other maintenance is categorized as corrective or Example calculations This measure can be measured in different ways. Calculating costs may be preferable to encourage business decisions based on total cost however the reliability of costs is uncertain. Hours are likely to be less variable than costs but not all utilities track hours. Thus cost and hours ratios are desirable where possible. Planned maintenance ratio by hours percent 100 X hours of planned maintenance hours of planned corrective maintenance . This is a QualServe Planned maintenance ratio by cost percent 100 X cost of planned maintenance cost of planned corrective maintenance . This is a QualServe 15 From AWWA and AwwaRF Selection and Definition of Performance Indicators for Water and Wastewater Utilities p. 70. 2004. Note This material is copyrighted and any reprinting must be by permission of the American Water Works Association. 16 Ibid. p. 61. 17 Ibid. p. 70. 18 Ibid. p. 65. 19 Ibid. p. 66. 20 Ibid. p. 66. A Primer for Water and

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