tailieunhanh - Energy Storage in the Emerging Era of Smart Grids Part 10

Tham khảo tài liệu 'energy storage in the emerging era of smart grids part 10', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 258 Energy storage in the Emerging Era of Smart Grids The morphology of the products obtained at different temperature for 12 h were also observed by using TEM. Fig. 9a demonstrates the interior cavity spheres of the sample obtained by hydrothermal reaction at 110 . Upon increasing the reaction temperature to 150 C the sphere structure of the products disappeared completely as shown in Fig. 9b a mixture of nanorods and blocks were observed. When the reaction temperature enhanced to 200 C the polyhedron structure develops further and becomes the dominant product with good crystallization and regular morphology in Fig. 9c . Template directed synthesis Since electrolyte diffusion within the bulk electrode materials is a rate-limiting step a crucial issue to improve the rate capacity of ECs is to optimize the electrolyte transport paths without sacrificing electron tran sport. Hence the development of novel synthesis routes to low dimensional and porous manganese oxides attracted increasing attention of scientists since these compounds offer promising electrochemical properties and a rich application in many field Wei et al. 2011 . Hostguest comp ounds represent a new and promising class of material that can be used for the controlled preparation of complex organized structures or composites in the nanoscale regime. Carbon template CNTs are the most representative nanostructured carbons with one dimensional tubular structure and exhibit outstanding physicochemical properties such as high electrical conductivity high mechanical st rength high chemical stability and high activated surface areas. By using CNTs as template and reducing agent heterogeneous nucleation of MnQ were deposited on CNTs and MnChSNT composite was obtained in literatures Subramanian et al. 2006 Yan et al. 2009 Ma et al. 2008 Jiang et al. 2009 Xue et al. 2009 . Ordered mesoporous carbon materials are aother attractive type with a nanostructured hierarchy with desirable electrolyte transpno