tailieunhanh - How to Improve Student Achievement_3

Tham khảo tài liệu 'how to improve student achievement_3', khoa học xã hội, kinh tế chính trị phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 88 The Daily Disciplines of Leadership Although this distinction between leadership and management is critical it is not sufficient to distinguish among the types of leaders at the helm of complex organizations including school systems. Because each school is itself a complex system there is a difference between a leader who sets the vision for a single system and the leader who deals with the exponentially more challenging task of a system of systems. Strategic Leaders and Unitary Leaders The essential need for a leader does not reduce the value and importance of the manager. Similarly the essential need for strategic leaders does not reduce the need for unitary leaders the people who lead the faculty through the complex challenges of school reform and myriad change initiatives. The unitary leaders inspire cajole demand and coerce all within a framework of values and principles that in the educational context focus on excellence and equity Reeves 2000a . The unitary leader is the foundation of any effective educational system. The great strategic leader is a visionary blowhard if he has not developed a cadre of unitary leaders who make change happen at each school department and entity within the system. Great unitary leaders are frustrated change agents caught in a bureaucratic miasma if they are not supported by strategic leaders who allocate time energy resources and emotion among competing systems. Table summarizes the characteristics of strategic and unitary leaders. The distinctions between strategic and unitary leaders are not obvious because once the appellation of leader has been assigned to an individual there is an impulse to presume the almost mystical powers that every leader must have. in fact there are clear distinctions among leaders. As Table indicates each leadership dimension implementation sustainability and leverage is quite dependent on whether the leader is unitary or strategic. Whereas the unitary leader depends upon compliance with