tailieunhanh - CANCER AMONG INFANTS

The tobacco smoke a smoker inhales is different from the smoke inhaled by those nearby. The major source of passive smoke is from the burning of the cigarette rather than what is exhaled by smokers. Both types of smoke contain thousands of chemicals. The chemicals present in both these types of smoke are similar, but the concentrations of the chemicals are different. Many of the toxic chemicals in tobacco smoke are found in higher concentrations in the tobacco smoke as it leaves the cigarette compared to inhaled smoke; in some cases, the concentrations are far higher. This smoke is largely produced from the lower temperature burning of. | CANCER AMONG INFANTS XII James G. Gurney Malcolm A. Smith Julie A. Ross HIGHLIGHTS Incidence The age of peak cancer incidence among children occurred during the first year of life Figure . Malignancies of infancy represented 10 of all cancer that was diagnosed among children younger than 15 years of age. The average annual incidence rate of all infant cancer combined was 233 per million infants which was 12 higher than the age 2 years with the next highest incidence. The rate among females 234 per million infants was essentially the same as that in males 232 per million infants . This is notable because infancy was the only age among children younger than 15 years of age in which female rates were not lower than male rates. Neuroblastoma comprised 28 of infant cancer cases and was the most common malignancy among these young children 65 per million infants . The leukemias as a group 41 per million infants represented the next most common type of cancer comprising 17 of all cases Figure . Central nervous system malignancies comprised 13 of infant cancer with an average annual incidence rate of nearly 30 per million infants. The average annual incidence rates for malignant germ cell and malignant soft tissue tumors were essentially the same at 15 per million infants. Each comprised about 6 of infant cancer Figure . Leukemias accounted for a substantial proportion of the racial difference in that the average annual rate for white infants per million was 66 higher than for black infants per million . Survival The prognosis for infants with cancer is often worse than in children of older ages even when comparing the same histologic diagnosis. For instance the 5-year relative survival for children younger than 15 years of age who were diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia from 1975-94 was well over 70 but for infants the survival rate was 33 . Over 80 of children diagnosed with neuroblastoma during infancy were alive 5 years following .