tailieunhanh - Smoking cessation services in primary care, pharmacies, local authorities and workplaces, particularly for manual working groups, pregnant women and hard to reach communities

With a reduction of their size, nanoparticles reveal unique properties. A size reduction results in a substantial increase in the specific surface and the surface Gibbs free energy. This physical parameter of free energy reflects the fact that chemical reactivity increases rapidly as particle size diminishes. For example, water has a specific surface of m2 /g at a diameter of one millimetre but the surface expands to m2 /g at a diameter of one nanometre. Surface energy also rises by a factor of one million as size decreases from millimetres to nanometres (Zhao and Nalwa, 2007c). This means. | NHS National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Issue Date February 2008 Smoking cessation services in primary care pharmacies local authorities and workplaces particularly for manual working groups pregnant women and hard to reach communities NICE public health guidance 10 NICE public health guidance 10 Smoking cessation services in primary care pharmacies local authorities and workplaces particularly for manual working groups pregnant women and hard to reach communities Ordering information You can download the following documents from PH010 The NICE guidance this document which includes all the recommendations details of how they were developed and evidence statements. A quick reference guide for professionals and the public. Supporting documents including an evidence review and an economic analysis. For printed copies of the quick reference guide phone NICE publications on 0845 003 7783 or email publications@ and quote N1478. This guidance represents the views of the Institute and was arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. Those working in the NHS local authorities the wider public voluntary and community sectors and the private sector should take it into account when carrying out their professional managerial or voluntary duties. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence MidCity Place 71 High Holborn London WC1V 6NA National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence 2008. All rights reserved. This material may be freely reproduced for educational and not-for-profit purposes. No reproduction by or for commercial organisations or for commercial purposes is allowed without the express written permission of the Institute. 2 Introduction The Department of Health DH asked the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence NICE or the Institute to produce public health guidance on smoking cessation services. This guidance supersedes Guidance on the use of nicotine .